What stricter mortgage rules mean for you

The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) is drawing a line in the sand for anyone who applies for an uninsured mortgage in Canada in 2018: Qualify at the new restrictive standard or explore alternative options.

Here's what you need to know about the new mortgage stress test:

1. Takes effect January 1, 2018

2. Affects applicants for low ratio mortgages who are seeking to refinance or purchase and have home equity (or a down payment) of 20% or more.

3. Does not affect renewals with the same lender. If switching to another lender, the stress test will apply.

4. The 'stress test' aspect of the new rules comes in the form of higher qualifying rates. Here's how it works:

• Today's posted rate is 4.99%.
  
• An applicant may be able to secure a 5-year contractual fixed rate of 3.50%
  
• When the stress test is introduced, the applicant must qualify at the posted rate or the contractual 5-year fixed plus 2 percent, whichever is higher.
  
• For example, 4.99% posted rate or 3.50% + 2%. The applicant must qualify at 5.50%. He or she will be able to afford less house than under the previous rules. And some applicants will not qualify. They may need a co-signer. Or may seek a solution with an alternative lender through a mortgage broker.
  

5. Some lenders may allow applications that start in 2017 but are funded in 2018 to qualify via 2017 rules.

6. Applicants can lower their payments by choosing a longer amortization period such as 30 years or more at select lenders.

7. Credit unions may or may not adopt the new OSFI qualifying standards. Your mileage may vary.

Before Choosing Fixed, Consider a Hybrid Mortgage

A reader writes: “My wife is conservative and wants fixed, but I think going variable makes more sense. What mortgage option should we choose?”

When clients can’t decide between choosing a fixed or a variable rate mortgage, I often raise a pretty strong alternative that offers the best of both: “Have you considered splitting the mortgage into one part fixed and one part variable?”

According to industry association Mortgage Professionals Canada, about 4 per cent of mortgages are classed as ‘hybrid’ or ‘combination’ mortgages that may consist of fixed and variable components, or may split the mortgage into various term lengths. The hybrid option I recommend consists of a 50/50 split between fixed and variable.

With Canadians fearing additional rate hikes in the coming months and years, the shift in favour of fixed over variable is on, according to MoneySense magazine, citing data gathered from a rates web site. More than half are now opting to lock into fixed rates.

Here are five points to ponder when considering the hybrid mortgage option:

1. You get the predictability of a fixed rate and the savings of a variable rate. However, some experts believe the spread needs to be at least two percentage points to see significant benefits.

2. While interest rates are notoriously difficult to forecast, a hybrid 50/50 split can leave you with more mortgage principal paid down relative to interest in three scenarios over the next three to five years:

• rates increase slightly
  
• rates stay put, or
  
• rates decline

3. If rates increase substantially during that period, there is good news and bad news. The good news is that 50 per cent of your mortgage is locked into a fixed rate. The bad news? The remaining 50 per cent is exposed to rate fluctuations. An all-fixed option is best if you don’t have the financial flexibility or risk tolerance to deal with that exposure.

4. You may lock in the variable rate at any point. However, you will likely pay a three month interest penalty to do so and will have to negotiate the fixed rate.

5. Keep it simple. Make sure that both fixed and variable segments have the same term length – say 5 years – which gives you full flexibility to switch lenders once both terms expire.

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada. Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

Online and instant – a look at e-mortgage trends

On the heels of Millennials will be a tech savvy, social media aware cohort known as Generation “Z". Born after 1997, Generation Z will be comfortable banking online, applying for mortgages via mobile apps all the while – at least according to Wikipedia -- being more risk averse in their outlook than previous generations.

When the time comes, will they routinely meet in person with a mortgage expert to get a home loan or home equity line of credit?

It seems that a purely digital mortgage application experience will inevitably become mainstream in the next 10 years as the oldest members of Generation Z turn 30.

Online and Instant

This summer, Australian fintech outfit Tic:Toc Home Loans (https://twitter.com/tictochome) announced, in partnership with Bendigo and Adelaide Bank, the world’s first instant home loan. The system can approve a loan in 22 minutes and provide competitive rates.

In Canada, the consumer isn’t the obstacle for change. As CMHC reports, “Almost half of mortgage consumers (48%) agree they would feel comfortable using more technology to arrange their next mortgage transaction.”

And in the United States, 62% of homebuyers under 35 would use their lender’s mobile app to apply for a mortgage if given the option, according to a JD Power Survey.

Digital and Hassle-Free

Two startups in the United Kingdom – Habito and Trussle -- are trying to gain market share by taking the mortgage advice and application process entirely digital. Habito claims to generate approvals seven times quicker compared to a traditional process involving a human broker while Trussle shrinks the time for a quote to three minutes, on average.

Habito guides customers through the virtual mortgage application using chatbot conversations. Salary, employment history and other personal information are gathered in order to assess a customer’s creditworthiness, speeding up approvals and cutting out human advisors.

Personal service in demand

Not everyone will welcome a digital focus. In the recent CMHC survey, “the majority of mortgage consumers agree that it is still important to meet face to face with their mortgage professional when negotiating (69%) and finalizing their mortgage (70%).”

Artificial Intelligence is changing the mortgage industry. Personal touch will give way to a more efficient user experience and 24/7 convenience. For better or worse.

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada.
Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

Your rainy day funds may hold the key to mortgage approval

The 80/20 rule is alive and well in the land of mortgages. Roughly 80% of successful applicants qualify based on having enough income to cover their housing and other debts while the remaining 20% have modest reported income and instead qualify because they have liquid assets at their disposal in lieu of income.

Let's explore how fictional client Jeremy got approved using the funds he set aside for a rainy day.

Jeremy is a self-employed millennial, and also very smart. He's been scanning realtor.ca diligently for the past 6 months and pounced on a power-of-sale condo in North York, a rare find. But when I crunch the numbers, even after making his desired down payment of 35%, his debt service levels are still too high.

His Total Debt Servicing -- or percentage of income that pays for housing and other debts such as car loans and credit cards -- is 85%. Banks prefer the TDS to be 40% or lower.

Often, an out-of-whack debt servicing level can mean the end of an otherwise promising mortgage application. But, in Jeremy's case, he's got an ace up his sleeve in the form of liquid assets above and beyond his down payment.

How Jeremy's rainy day fund will get him approved

The standard way to get approved for a mortgage is to have a strong credit rating and enough income to easily cover the debt servicing of the mortgage, taxes, condo fees, heating and any other debts.

From the bank's perspective, Jeremy is an ideal candidate to qualify based on assets rather than income. He is currently renting and owns no other properties. The condo he is buying will be his principal residence. His T1 General shows an income of $50,000. Even better, after the downpayment he will have an $85,000 rainy day fund. His liquid assets will break down as follows:

• TFSA of $40,000
• Cash in a bank account of $15,000
• GIC of $30,000

Since these assets have been held for more than 90 days, from the bank's perspective they are part of Jeremy's tangible net worth.

Based on one bank's rainy day fund qualification criteria, Jeremy is well positioned to qualify for a mortgage if he has a good credit score plus substantial liquid assets. The calculation is as follows:

• Mortgage amount x 0.0065 x 36 months

Since Jeremy is requesting a $350,000 mortgage, the calculation is as follows:

$350,000 x 0.0065 x 36 = $81,900 He will require $81,900 in liquid assets in order to qualify for the mortgage. His rainy day fund of $85,000 means approval is a near certainty.

Other options

Given his strong financial position, Jeremy could use some or all of his $85,000 rainy day fund to do one or both of the following:

• Pay down current debt to get his debt service levels in line
• increase his down payment

However, he's happy leaving his rainy day fund intact, just in case.

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada.
Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

Get your docs in a row before applying for a mortgage

Fictional couple John and Ishrat are in my office, determined to get a mortgage pre-approval letter. They end up receiving a mix of good news and bad news.

The good news is that, if the numbers they have provided are correct, they will be able to purchase a home for as much as $591,000. The bad news is that John, who is self-employed and works in construction, hasn't filed his income tax returns for three years.

John's homework is to play catch up, as the bank will need to reference some key documents in order to determine how much income to include in the mortgage pre-approval application.

The following documents are required as proof of income for self employed applicants:

• CRA notice of assessment for the most recent tax year
  
• T1 General for the two most recent tax years

Since they want to bid for a condo soon, John accepts that he has to move quickly.

Ishrat has changed jobs in the past year. She's working full time for an accounting firm. Since she has been working at a salaried position but has been with the company for less than two years, when she applies for the mortage she will need to provide the following:

• a letter from the employer
  
• the most recent paystub (or account showing 90 days of payroll deposits)
  
• most recent T4 or CRA notice of assessment for the most recent tax year

If Ishrat had been with the company for two years or more, she would require different documentation, as follows:

• the most recent paystub (or account showing 90 days of payroll deposits)
  
• most recent and previous year's T4 or CRA notice of assessment

I was able provide more good news. Ishrat's credit score is 710 and John's is 690. They will need to maintain or improve these scores going forward. Credit scores below 680 can be considered risky when applying for a mortgage. I advised them to not apply for any credit in the next few months and to keep paying all their bills early or on time. If both John and Ishrat had risky credit scores, they would likely need a co-signer.

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada. Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

Profile of a CMHC insured borrower - second in a series

In part two in a series on insured mortgages, we begin with a profile of the average borrower who paid insurance premiums to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) on behalf of a mortgage lender when closing the purchase of a residential home in the first nine months of 2016.

All info was gleaned from CMHC's latest quarterly report ending September 30, 2016 and unless otherwise stated covers new loans originated during the first nine months of last year. Prices in the GTA have climbed to record highs since September, but despite a lag the data is still relevant in March, 2017.

From the above, you can see that the borrower is taking on a high ratio mortgage with a loan-to-value of about 92 per cent. The borrower's credit score is solid and the Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio makes the borrower a low risk. GDS is often calculated as Principal + Interest + Taxes + Heat + half of Condo Fees / Gross Annual Income. CMHC typically will not insure loans if the borrower's GDS is above 35.

A more detailed review of the data from CMHC is shown below.

Mortgage Insurance Industry Overview

All high ratio mortgages where the downpayment is less than 20 per cent of the purchase price must be insured by CMHC or one of its private sector competitors such as Genworth MI Canada. The premiums protect the lender but are paid directly by the borrower. Some lenders may insist that even low ratio purchases be insured, as can be the case with seasonal properties or second homes.

To qualify for mortgage insurance, the purchase price of the property must be less than $1 million, the purchaser's Beacon credit score must equal or exceed 680, the mortgage amortization period will not exceed 25 years and the debt service levels must be in line with the lender's guidelines using a stress test interest rate (4.64% for 5-year fixed at the time of writing). As a rule of thumb, insurance premiums for CMHC and Genworth are similar, but Genworth may be a more viable option for purchasers who can't meet CMHC's tougher debt servicing criteria, are self-employed or are looking to buy a second home or multi-unit residential property.

While market share numbers vary over time, about one of every two insured mortgages in Canada is insured by CMHC, and as a result is fully backed by the Government of Canada. So CMHC is the biggest industry player. Genworth and other private sector players account for the remainder of the market. Mortgages insured by private sector insurers are also backed by the federal government, subject to a 10 per cent deductible, according to The Globe and Mail.

In its last reported quarter (ending Sept, 2016), CMHC reported net income exceeding $300 million and a miniscule arrears rate of 0.32 per cent. CMHC regularly runs stress tests of its portfolio vs. extremes in interest rate or loan default scenarios and passes unscathed. Similarly, Genworth's recent financial results read very well too: "On a full year basis, the Company reported net income of $417 million."

It's worthwhile noting that CMHC and Genworth Canada have both recently raised mortgage insurance premiums. The CMHC premium increases will result in an additional cost of about $5 per month for borrowers.

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Source: Mortgage Loan Insurance Business Supplement, Third Quarter, September 2016

Source: CMHC's 3rd Quarter Financial Report (2016) Media Briefing - November 29, 2016

Source: Financial Post: CMHC goes from insuring 90% of new mortgages to only 50% — and that’s as low as it plans to go

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada.
Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

Quick hits on CMHC premiums - first in a series

Given the rising costs of real estate here in the GTA, and consistent demand, it's good to understand your options when purchasing a home with less than 20% down.

This is the first in a series of blog posts that will cover some key aspects of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) insurance premiums as you step into your home ownership adventure.

I started my mortgage journey in 1997 after putting 5% down on a two bedroom condo in downtown Toronto. Given the minimal down payment, I learned that the mortgage needed to be insured by CMHC and opted for the insurance premiums to be added to my mortgage payments. All good.

Today, it's a little more complicated.

Let's take Sunil and Brenda, a fictional couple who rent a condo near Yonge and Sheppard, but are looking to buy something bigger as their family expands. They earn a household income of $128,000 and have $34,000 set aside for a down payment on a home. Sunil wants to buy now before the spring as he believes prices will rise quickly. Brenda wants to grow their savings for a bigger down payment while they search for the home that's right for them.

Whether they buy now or in the near future, they will need to factor in mortgage insurance premiums into their financing solution. Some nuances to keep in mind:

CMHC will not insure mortgages on homes that are purchased for $1M or more.

The lower the down payment percentage, the higher the mortgage insurance premium. A downpayment between 5% and 9.99% of the purchase price requires a mortgage premium of 3.6%, for example. But increasing the downpayment to, 10% reduces the overall premium charged to 2.4%. Putting 15% down further reduces the premium to 1.8%. The more you pay down, the less you pay out in mortgage premiums. So if your downpayment is just under 10%, 15%, or 20%, it pays to increase the down payment in order to decrease your overall costs.

In Ontario, you will pay 8% provincial sales tax on your CMHC insurance premiums. This fee must be paid at closing.



Scenario #1 in the above table outlines, in simplified terms, how much mortgage Sunil and Brenda can currently qualify for, without taking into consideration their credit scores or other factors. A mortgage pre-approval will establish how much they are eligible to borrow and will help them step into home ownership with confidence.

Since their potential new home might be purchased for more than $500,000, Sunil and Brenda should also understand that CMHC requires a minimum of 10% down on the portion of the purchase above half a million dollars. As shown in the table, they would be required to put down 5% on the first $500,000 of the purchase price and 10% on the remaining $91,000, bringing the minimum down payment to $34,100 (which is $25,000 plus $9,100).

Scenario #2 shows the financial benefits of a larger down payment. Click here to view CMHC's mortgage insurance premium table.

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Susan Williams is a Mortgage Development Manager with National Bank of Canada.
Email: susan.williams@nbc.ca Twitter: @YMJourney

What’s the Impact of New Mortgage Rules?

Federal Minister of Finance, Bill Morneau, announced in October 2016 a series of measures to stabilize the real estate market. Here’s the breakdown.

Alexandre and his wife purchased their first property one minute to midnight, 48 hours before the new federal mortgage measures entered into force on October 17. "We were really happy to not have to deal with the new regulations," admits Alexandre.

The couple are among other first-time buyers who don’t have a down payment worth 20% of the property purchase price. Under the new regulation, the couple would have had to undergo a crisis simulation test, not with their actual interest rate (3% fixed over 5 years), but rather with the Bank of Canada’s reference interest rate, which currently sits at around 4%. Despite this, the couple probably would have qualified, admits Alexandre. However, not everyone is so fortunate. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) estimates that between 5 and 10% of buyers will be affected by the new regulation over the next 12 months.

Here is a look at the new mortgage reality and the impact it will have on first-time buyers.

Direct impact and indirect impact

Some of the new measures have a direct impact on consumers, as it is the case with the new requirement to pass a crisis simulation test for higher loan-to-value ratio loans.

"The other measure that directly affects consumers concerns is foreign buyers," explains Paul Cardinal, Director of Market Analysis at the Québec Federation of Real Estate Boards. The tax exemption on sales revenues resulting from the sale of a main residence is hereafter reserved to Canadian residents."

However, these new measures do not apply to the minimum amount required for the down payment, which remains at 5%.

As for the other regulations announced in October 2016, they mainly affect banking institutions and mortgage insurers. First, banks must keep on hand a greater proportion of liquid funds on insured loans. While insurers have to maintain a higher level of minimum capital. "This is going to pressure mortgage rates to increase," predicts Paul Cardinal.

Consequently, many potential buyers will have to revise their plan. "Some people will give up on the idea of becoming owners," highlights Patrick Perrier, Deputy Chief Economist at the CMHC. "Others will opt to hold off on purchasing or revise their price bracket downward."

Regulations stacked onto other regulations

"The reason put forth to justify the introduction of new measures is to counter the excessive rise in prices on the Canadian real estate market," analyzes Paul Cardinal. "Overall, they’re looking to prevent a real estate crisis, like what happened in the United States in 2008."

Moreover, the first mortgage measures are rising to that year: the minimum down payment then had been set at 5%, to be later increased to 10% on the bracket exceeding the $500,000 mark.The amortization period was reduced from 40 to 35 years, to then be lowered again to 30 years in 2011, then to 25 years in 2012.

Should we expect more measures? The answer is yes. The Federal Government has already announced that it will assess risk sharing between lenders and insurers. "If the banks see themselves as restricted in assuming a greater share of risk on completed loans," says Paul Cardinal, "it is clear that they will ask for a higher return in exchange."

Are all these measures necessary?

Real estate market analysts and stakeholders are quick to underline the reliability, stability and overall healthy condition of the Canadian real estate market. The most recent CMHC report, however, calls for caution, identifying "increased signs of problematic conditions" in several markets in the country, including Toronto and Vancouver.

"There is also an underlying goal in the backdrop," points out Paul Cardinal. "To prevent households from falling into debt." In the current state, an increase of interest rates by a few points would have a devastating effect on many owners. Alexandre recognizes that it would be difficult for him to absorb an increase of $100 in his monthly expenses, if rates were to bubble up five years from now, when it is time to renegotiate his loan.

It is important to remember that although these measures make access to property a bit more difficult for certain buyers, they also aim to prevent those family crises that can occur when we are asked to return the keys to a home that we can no longer afford...

Questions about real estate? Please feel free to contact me for help with your project or for a referral to a specialist in the field.

The contents of this article are provided for information purposes only, and are not comprehensive. They do not create any legal or contractual obligations for National Bank or its affiliates. For information on your financing options, please consult your National Bank real estate specialist.

© 2016 National Bank Canada. All rights reserved. Any reproduction in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Bank of Canada is strictly prohibited.

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Purchasing a home: 11 fees to keep in mind besides your mortgage

According to Jonathan Haziza, a product manager for mortgage solutions at National Bank, the scale of the costs linked to buying a property tend to be underestimated by first-time buyers.

So without further ado, here are some expenses to keep in mind for a realistic portrait of what lies ahead.

Appraisal fee

Your financial institution may ask for an evaluation of the property’s market worth. This happens when the cost is steep or the property contains various risk factors. Requesting an appraisal is a means of protection: either to ensure that payments won’t be above your means, or to verify that the property is truly worth what you’re about to pay. You’ll therefore need to hire an appraiser to produce the necessary documents.

Inspection fee

Hiring a building inspector to check for hidden defects in pre-existing houses is crucial. This will help you avoid bad surprises that could cost you a lot; you’ll have peace of mind knowing that everything is as it should be.

Legal fee

In Canada, any mortgage deed requires the services of a notary for the province of Quebec and a lawyer for all other provinces. The cost of this transaction varies depending on a number of criteria. Maître Pascale Gagnon, says that: “The type of building, the number of buyers, and the number of separate accommodations, to name only a few, are some of the factors that could
impact the rate. The best way to gauge fees is to directly contact a notary or a lawyer, who will evaluate your case taking into account all of your future residence’s parameters.”

Taxes

As a home owner, here are the five most important taxes you’ll need to keep in mind: Welcome tax, which municipalities apply whenever a property changes hands; Sales taxes if you’re buying a new home; CMHC applicable tax; Municipal tax; School tax. These taxes vary per municipality and according to property value. When preparing your budget, note that municipal and school taxes are recurring and need to be paid year after year, whereas the others only apply once, when you move.

Insurance

If your down payment is smaller than 20% of the cost of your home, you’ll need to take out mortgage insurance. This insurance does not cover your assets, but rather your mortgage payments.

Your financial institution may request that you take out mortgage insurance even if your down payment is bigger than 20% of your property value.

Electricity, television, and Internet connection fees

Electricity connection fees are often forgotten by first-time buyers, as well as fees related to opening new Internet and television accounts. Contact your suppliers to check service availability in your new neighbourhood. If you’re moving into a new development, you may need to pay additional fees to connect your neighbourhood to various networks.

Renovations

Keep some money aside for renovations. Take time to walk through your future dwelling to pinpoint improvements and repairs you’d like to take on.

Furniture and appliances

Your current furniture and appliances might not fit in your new home, or you might simply need to buy more.

Moving costs

Whether you hire professional movers or decide to do everything yourself, you’ll certainly need to take on a few moving-related expenses. Don’t forget to include them in your budget.

Cohabitation fees

If you’re buying a condo, you’ll need to pay cohabitation fees, which include communal expenses such as interior and exterior maintenance, snow removal, etc.

Emergencies

Since it’s impossible to plan for everything, we recommend keeping some money aside for emergencies. National Bank’s Jonathan Haziza’s advice is to set aside at least 2 or 3% of your property value in case anything unexpected happens.

With this list, you can now draw a more accurate portrait of all the expenses associated with purchasing a home.

If you have any questions or would like to learn more about the Home Buyers’ Plan (HBP), don’t hesitate to contact me or make an appointment, I will be happy to help you.

<sub>The contents of this article are provided for information purposes only, and are not comprehensive. They do not create any legal or contractual obligations for National Bank or its affiliates. For information on your financing options, please consult your National Bank real estate specialist.

© 2015 National Bank Canada. All rights reserved. Any reproduction in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Bank of Canada is strictly prohibited.</sub>

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